---
node: garment_ao_tu_than
type: garment
slug: ao_tu_than
title: "Áo tứ thân"
lead: "The áo tứ thân is the four-panel dress of northern Vietnam, a long open gown of two back panels sewn together and two front flaps left loose to be knotted or tied. Worn with a yếm bodice and a headscarf, it is the classic dress of the northern countrywoman."
published: 2026-08-10
updated: 2026-08-10
image_file: ao_tu_than.jpg
image_source: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%C3%81o_t%E1%BB%A9_th%C3%A2n_1a.jpg"
image_author: "Momili000 at English Wikipedia"
image_license: "CC BY-SA 3.0"
---

## Overview

An áo tứ thân is made of four lengths of cloth: a seamed back and two front panels that hang free and are usually tied together at the waist, worn open over a bright yếm halter and a long skirt or trousers. Dark, plain cloth was everyday; layered colours marked festival dress.

## How it is worn

It is put on over the yếm and skirt and its front flaps knotted at the waist or left to hang, finished with a wide cloth belt, a flat quai thao hat, and a turban-wound scarf. The whole is the costume of the quan họ folk singers and of the northern delta villages.

## History

The áo tứ thân took shape in the Lê-period north and was the ordinary and festival dress of countrywomen there into the twentieth century, when it gave way to the fitted áo dài. It survives as folk and stage costume and a symbol of the northern village.